Mphezi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa photovoltaic (PV) ndi magetsi a mphepo.Kuwomba kowononga kumatha kuchitika kuchokera ku mphezi yomwe imagunda patali kwambiri ndi dongosolo, kapena ngakhale pakati pa mitambo.Koma kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mphezi ndizotheka kupewa.Nazi zina mwa njira zotsika mtengo kwambiri zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi oyika makina amagetsi, kutengera zaka zambiri.Tsatirani upangiri uwu, ndipo muli ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopewa kuwonongeka kwa mphezi pamakina anu ongowonjezera mphamvu (RE).
Khalani Okhazikika
Kuyika pansi ndiye njira yofunikira kwambiri yodzitetezera ku kuwonongeka kwa mphezi.Simungathe kuyimitsa mphezi, koma mutha kuyipatsa njira yolunjika pansi yomwe imadutsa zida zanu zamtengo wapatali, ndikutulutsa mvulayi padziko lapansi mosatetezeka.Njira yamagetsi yopita pansi nthawi zonse imatulutsa magetsi osasunthika omwe amawunjikana pamwamba pa nthaka.Nthawi zambiri, izi zimalepheretsa kukopa kwa mphezi poyamba.
Zomangira mphezi ndi zoteteza ma surge zidapangidwa kuti ziteteze zida zamagetsi potengera ma surges amagetsi.Komabe, zida izi sizolowa m'malo mwa maziko abwino.Amangogwira ntchito molumikizana ndi maziko abwino.Dongosolo lokhazikitsira pansi ndi gawo lofunikira pazida zanu zamawaya.Ikani isanayambe kapena pamene waya wamagetsi aikidwa.Kupanda kutero, dongosololi likayamba kugwira ntchito, gawo lofunikirali silingayikidwe pamndandanda wa "zochita".
Khwerero loyamba ndikumanga njira yotulutsira pansi pomangirira (kulumikiza) zigawo zonse zachitsulo ndi mpanda wamagetsi, monga mafelemu a module a PV, zoyikapo, ndi nsanja za jenereta wamphepo.National Electrical Code (NEC), Article 250 ndi Article 690.41 kudzera 690.47 imatchula kukula kwa waya, zida, ndi njira zoyendera.Pewani kupindika chakuthwa mu mawaya apansi—mafunde okwera kwambiri sakonda kukhota ngodya ndipo amatha kulumphira ku mawaya apafupi.Samalani kwambiri zomata za waya wamkuwa kuzinthu zamapangidwe a aluminium (makamaka mafelemu a PV module).Gwiritsani ntchito zolumikizira zolembedwa kuti "AL/CU" ndi zomangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kuthekera kwa dzimbiri.Mawaya apansi a mabwalo onse a DC ndi AC adzalumikizidwanso ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsira.(Onani zolemba za Code Corner pa PV array grounding mu HP102 ndi HP103 kuti mudziwe zambiri.)
Zingwe za Ground
Chofooka kwambiri pamayikidwe ambiri ndikulumikizana ndi dziko lenilenilo.Kupatula apo, simungangomanga waya padziko lapansi!M'malo mwake, muyenera kukwirira kapena kumenyetsa ndodo yachitsulo yosawononga (yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yamkuwa) ndikuonetsetsa kuti malo ake ambiri alumikizana ndi nthaka yonyowa.Mwanjira iyi, pamene magetsi osasunthika kapena mawotchi atsika pamzere, ma elekitironi amatha kugwera pansi ndi kukana pang'ono.
Mofananamo ndi momwe munda wopopera umatayira madzi, nthaka imagwira ntchito kuti iwononge ma electron.Ngati chitoliro sichimatuluka mokwanira pansi, zosunga zobwezeretsera zimachitika.Ma elekitironi akabwerera m'mbuyo, amalumphira kusiyana (kupanga arc yamagetsi) ku mawaya anu amagetsi, kupyolera mu zipangizo zanu, kenako pansi.
Pofuna kupewa izi, ikani ndodo imodzi kapena kuposerapo za utali wa mapazi asanu ndi atatu (2.4 m), 5/8 mainchesi (16 mm) zokutidwa ndi mkuwa, makamaka pa nthaka yonyowa.Ndodo imodzi nthawi zambiri sikwanira, makamaka pa nthaka youma.M'madera omwe nthaka yawuma kwambiri, ikani ndodo zingapo, kuzitalikirana pafupifupi mamita atatu ndikuzilumikiza ndi waya wopanda kanthu, wokwirira.Njira ina ndiyo kukwirira #6 (13 mm2), kuwirikiza #8 (8 mm2), kapena waya wokulirapo wopanda kanthu m'ngalande utali wamamita 30.(Waya wapansi wopanda kanthu ungathenso kuthamangitsidwa pansi pa ngalande yomwe imanyamula madzi kapena mipope ya ngalande, kapena mawaya ena amagetsi.) Kapena, dulani waya wapansi pakati ndi kuwayala mbali ziwiri.Lumikizani mbali imodzi ya waya aliyense wokwiriridwa ku dongosolo lokhazikika.
Yesani kulondolera gawo la dongosololo kumalo amvula, monga kumene denga limakhetsa kapena kumene zomera ziyenera kuthiriridwa.Ngati pali chitsulo chosungira bwino pafupi, mutha kuchigwiritsa ntchito ngati ndodo yapansi (pangani cholumikizira cholimba, chomangika ku casing).
M'madera achinyezi, zoyambira pansi za konkire za gulu lapansi kapena lokwera, kapena nsanja yopangira jenereta yamphepo, kapena ndodo zapansi zotsekeredwa mu konkriti sizingapereke maziko abwino.M'malo awa, konkire nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako poyerekeza ndi dothi lonyowa lozungulira poyambira.Ngati ndi choncho, ikani ndodo pansi padziko lapansi pafupi ndi konkire m'munsi mwa gulu, kapena m'munsi mwa mphepo jenereta nsanja ndi pa munthu aliyense waya nangula, ndiye kulumikiza iwo onse pamodzi ndi anabala, kukwiriridwa waya.
M'malo owuma kapena owuma, zotsutsana nazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowona - malo a konkire amatha kukhala ndi chinyezi chambiri kuposa dothi lozungulira, ndipo amapereka mwayi wokhazikika.Ngati rebar ya 20-yautali (kapena yotalikirapo) iyenera kuyikidwa mu konkire, rebar yokha imatha kukhala ndodo yapansi.(Zindikirani: Izi ziyenera kukonzedweratu konkire isanatsanulidwe.) Njirayi yokhazikitsira pansi imakhala yofala m'malo owuma, ndipo ikufotokozedwa mu NEC, Article 250.52 (A3), "Concrete-Encased Electrode."
Ngati simukutsimikiza za njira yabwino yokhazikitsira malo anu, lankhulani ndi woyang'anira magetsi anu panthawi yopanga makina anu.Simungakhale ndi maziko ochulukirapo.Pamalo owuma, gwiritsani ntchito mwayi uliwonse kukhazikitsa ndodo za nthaka zosafunikira, waya wokwirira, ndi zina zotero.Gwiritsani ntchito mabawuti amkuwa kuti mulumikizane mawaya apansi modalirika.
Grounding Power Circuits
Pomanga mawaya, NEC imafuna mbali imodzi yamagetsi a DC kuti ilumikizidwe - kapena "kumangidwa" - pansi.Gawo la AC la dongosolo loterolo liyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa mwanjira yanthawi zonse yolumikizidwa ndi gridi iliyonse.(Izi n’zoona ku United States. M’mayiko ena, mabwalo amagetsi opanda maziko ndi ofala.) Kuyika pansi mphamvu ya magetsi kumafunika kuti pakhale nyumba yamakono ku United States.Ndikofunikira kuti zoyipa za DC ndi AC zosalowerera ndale zikhazikike pamalo amodzi okha pamakina awo, ndipo zonse zifike pamalo omwewo pamakina oyambira.Izi zachitika pa chapakati mphamvu gulu.
Opanga makina acholinga chimodzi, oyima okha (monga mapampu amadzi adzuwa ndi obwereza mawayilesi) amalimbikitsa kuti asakhazikitse dera lamagetsi.Onani malangizo a wopanga kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Array Wiring & "Twisted Pair" Njira
Mawaya osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito utali wochepa wa waya, wolowetsedwa muzitsulo zachitsulo.Mawaya abwino ndi oyipa ayenera kukhala aatali ofanana, ndipo azithamangitsidwa pamodzi ngati kuli kotheka.Izi zidzachepetsa kulowetsa voteji kwambiri pakati pa ma conductor.Njira yachitsulo (yokhazikika) imawonjezeranso chitetezo.Ikani mawaya ataliatali akunja m'malo mowathamangitsa pamwamba.Waya wothamanga wa mamita 30 kapena kuposerapo uli ngati mlongoti, ndipo umawomberedwa ndi mphezi m’mitambo.Kuthamanga kofananako kumatha kuchitikabe ngakhale mawaya atakwiriridwa, koma oyika ambiri amavomereza kuti mawaya okwiriridwa amachepetsanso kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa mphezi.
Njira yosavuta yochepetsera kutengeka kwa ma surges ndi njira ya "zopotoka", zomwe zimathandiza kufananiza ndi kuletsa ma voltages aliwonse omwe apangitsidwa pakati pa ma conductor awiri kapena kupitilira apo.Zingakhale zovuta kupeza chingwe choyenera chamagetsi chomwe chapindika kale, ndiye izi ndi zomwe mungachite: Yalani mawaya amagetsi pansi.Ikani ndodo pakati pa mawaya, ndi kuwapotola pamodzi.Pamamita 10 aliwonse, sinthani njira.(Izi ndizosavuta kuposa kuyesa kupotoza mtunda wonse kumbali imodzi.) Kubowola mphamvu nthawi zina kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupotoza mawaya, malingana ndi kukula kwa waya.Ingotetezani nsonga za mawaya mu chuck ya kubowola ndikulola kuti zochita za kubowola zikhotetse zingwezo palimodzi.Onetsetsani kuti mukuyendetsa kubowola pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri ngati mutayesa njirayi.
Waya wapansi sayenera kupindika ndi mawaya amagetsi.Poyika maliro, gwiritsani ntchito waya wamkuwa wopanda kanthu;ngati mugwiritsa ntchito ngalande, tsitsani waya wapansi kunja kwa ngalandeyo.Kulumikizana kowonjezera kwa dziko lapansi kudzakulitsa maziko a dongosolo.
Gwiritsani ntchito chingwe chopotoka pazingwe zilizonse zolumikizirana kapena zowongolera (mwachitsanzo, chingwe choyandama chotsekera pa tanki yonse ya pampu yamadzi ya sola).Waya yaying'ono iyi imapezeka mosavuta mu zingwe zopotoka, zingapo, kapena ziwiri.Mukhozanso kugula chingwe chotchinga chotchinga, chomwe chimakhala ndi zojambula zachitsulo zozungulira mawaya opotoka, komanso waya wosiyana, wopanda kanthu.Gwirani chingwe chishango ndi kukhetsa waya pa mapeto amodzi okha, kuthetsa kuthekera kwa kupanga pansi kuzungulira (zochepa mwachindunji njira pansi) mu mawaya.
Chitetezo chowonjezera cha Mphezi
Kuphatikiza pa njira zambiri zoyatsira pansi, zida zapadera zodzitchinjiriza ndi (mwina) ndodo zamphezi zimalimbikitsidwa pamasamba omwe ali ndi izi:
• Malo akutali pamalo okwera m'malo amphezi yamphamvu
• Dothi louma, lamiyala, kapena losayenda bwino
• Waya amatalika kuposa mapazi 100 (30 m)
Oponya Mphenzi
Zomangira mphezi (kuthamanga) zimapangidwira kuti zizitha kuyamwa ma spikes amagetsi obwera chifukwa cha namondwe wamagetsi (kapena mphamvu zakunja), ndikulola kuti mafundewo adutse mawaya amagetsi ndi zida zanu.Zoteteza ma Surge ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa waya uliwonse wautali womwe umalumikizidwa ndi gawo lililonse la dongosolo lanu, kuphatikiza mizere ya AC kuchokera ku inverter.Zomangamanga zimapangidwira ma voltages osiyanasiyana a AC ndi DC.Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zoyenera pakufunsira kwanu.Okhazikitsa makina ambiri nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito zomangira za Delta, zomwe ndi zotsika mtengo ndipo zimapereka chitetezo pomwe chiwopsezo cha mphezi chimakhala chocheperako, koma mayunitsiwa salinso UL.
Zomangira za PolyPhaser ndi Transtector ndizinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zamawebusayiti omwe amakonda mphezi komanso kuyikika kwakukulu.Mayunitsi olimba awa amapereka chitetezo cholimba komanso kuyanjana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi.Zipangizo zina zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zowonetsera kulephera.
Ndodo Zamphezi
"Zingwe zamphezi" ndi zida zotulutsa static zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba pa nyumba ndi magetsi a dzuwa, ndikugwirizanitsa pansi.Amapangidwa kuti aletse kumangidwa kwa static charge komanso ionization yozungulira mlengalenga.Zitha kuthandizira kupewa kumenyedwa, ndipo zitha kupereka njira yokwera kwambiri kuti ifike pansi ngati sitiraka ichitika.Zipangizo zamakono zimakhala ngati spike, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mfundo zingapo.
Zounikira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo omwe amakumana ndi mphepo yamkuntho yamagetsi.Ngati mukuganiza kuti tsamba lanu likugwera m'gululi, gwiritsani ntchito kontrakitala yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso pachitetezo cha mphezi.Ngati makina oyika makina anu sali oyenerera, ganizirani kukaonana ndi katswiri woteteza mphezi makinawo asanayikidwe.Ngati n'kotheka, sankhani okhazikitsa PV ovomerezeka a North America Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) (onani Access).Ngakhale chiphasochi sichimakhudza chitetezo cha mphezi, chikhoza kukhala chisonyezero cha luso la oyika.
Kusaona, Osati Kusokonezeka Maganizo
Ntchito zambiri zoteteza mphezi zimakwiriridwa, ndipo sizikuwoneka.Kuti zitsimikizire kuti zachitika molondola, lembani mu mgwirizano wanu ndi choyikira makina anu, wogwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi, chofukula, plumber, choboolera bwino, kapena aliyense amene akugwira ntchito ya pansi yomwe idzakhala ndi makina anu oyambira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-10-2020