Momwe mungaphatikizire mapampu otentha okhala ndi PV, kusungirako batire

Ofufuza a Fraunhofer ISE aphunzira momwe makina a PV okhala padenga la nyumba angaphatikizidwe ndi mapampu otentha komanso kusungirako mabatire.

Iwo adawunika momwe kachitidwe ka PV-heat pump-battery system yotengera smart-grid (SG) yokonzeka kuwongolera m'nyumba ya banja limodzi yomangidwa mu 1960 ku Freiburg, Germany.

"Zinapezeka kuti kuwongolera mwanzeru kumawonjezera ntchito ya mpope yotentha powonjezera kutentha," wofufuza Shubham Baraskar adauza magazini ya pv. "Ulamuliro wa SG-Ready udawonjezera kutentha kwa 4.1 Kelvin pokonzekera madzi otentha, zomwe zidachepetsa gawo la nyengo (SPF) ndi 5.7% kuchokera ku 3.5 mpaka 3.3.

SPF ndi mtengo wofanana ndi coefficient of performance (COP), ndi kusiyana kwake kumawerengedwera kwa nthawi yayitali ndi malire osiyanasiyana.

Baraskar ndi anzake anafotokoza zomwe apeza mu "Kusanthula kagwiridwe ka ntchito ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makina opopera kutentha kwa batire a photovoltaic pogwiritsa ntchito data yoyezera m'munda,” lomwe lasindikizidwa posachedwa muZotsogola za Solar Energy.Iwo adanena kuti ubwino waukulu wa makina opopera a PV-heat ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito gridi ndi kuchepetsa magetsi.

Dongosolo la pampu yotentha ndi 13.9 kW pampu yochokera pansi yopangidwa ndi malo osungiramo kutentha kwa malo. Amadaliranso thanki yosungiramo madzi komanso malo opangira madzi otentha am'nyumba (DHW). Malo osungira onsewa ali ndi ma heaters owonjezera amagetsi.

Dongosolo la PV ndilolowera kumwera ndipo limapendekeka ndi madigiri 30. Ili ndi mphamvu yotuluka 12.3 kW ndi gawo la gawo la 60 lalikulu mita. Batire ndi DC-zophatikizana ndipo ili ndi mphamvu ya 11.7 kWh. Nyumba yosankhidwayo ili ndi malo otentha a 256 m2 komanso kutentha kwapachaka kwa 84.3 kWh/m².

"Mphamvu ya DC yochokera ku PV ndi mayunitsi a batri imasinthidwa kukhala AC kudzera pa inverter yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya AC ya 12 kW ndi mphamvu yaku Europe ya 95 %," ofufuzawo adalongosola, pozindikira kuti kuwongolera kokonzeka kwa SG kumatha kulumikizana ndi gridi yamagetsi ndikusintha momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito. "M'nthawi yamagetsi ambiri, wogwiritsa ntchito gridi amatha kuzimitsa ntchito yopopera kutentha kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwa gridi kapenanso kuyatsa mokakamiza."

Pansi pa kasinthidwe kachitidwe kameneka, mphamvu ya PV iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira katundu wanyumba, ndipo zochulukirapo zimaperekedwa ku batri. Mphamvu zochulukira zitha kutumizidwa ku gridi, ngati palibe magetsi omwe akufunidwa ndi nyumbayo ndipo batire ili yonse. Ngati makina onse a PV ndi batri sangathe kukwanira mphamvu ya nyumbayo, gridi yamagetsi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

"Mawonekedwe a SG-Ready amayatsidwa batire ikakhala kuti yachangidwa kapena ikulipira mphamvu yake yayikulu ndipo pali zowonjezera za PV," adatero akatswiri. "Mosiyana ndi izi, zoyambitsa zimakwaniritsidwa pomwe mphamvu ya PV yanthawi yomweyo imakhalabe yotsika kuposa kuchuluka kwanyumba kwa mphindi 10."

Kusanthula kwawo kumaganizira kuchuluka kwa kudzigwiritsa ntchito, kagawo ka dzuwa, mphamvu ya mpope yotentha, komanso mphamvu ya dongosolo la PV ndi batire pakugwiritsa ntchito pampu yotentha. Anagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso champhindi 1 chapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira Januwale mpaka December 2022 ndipo adapeza kuti ulamuliro wa SG-Ready unawonjezera kutentha kwa mpope wa kutentha ndi 4.1 K kwa DHW. Iwo adatsimikiziranso kuti dongosololi lidapeza kudziwononga kwathunthu kwa 42.9% pachaka, zomwe zimatanthawuza phindu lazachuma kwa eni nyumba.

"Kufunika kwa magetsi kwa [pampu yotentha] kunaphimbidwa ndi 36% ndi PV / batri, kupyolera mu 51% m'madzi otentha a m'nyumba ndi 28% mumayendedwe otenthetsera mlengalenga," gulu lofufuza linanena, kuwonjezera kuti kutentha kwakukulu kwakuya kumachepetsa mphamvu ya mpope ya kutentha ndi 5.7% mu DHW mode ndi 4.0% mu malo otentha kutentha.

"Kutentha kwa malo, zotsatira zoyipa za kuwongolera mwanzeru zidapezekanso," adatero Baraskar. "Chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwa SG-Ready pampu yotentha yomwe imagwira ntchito potentha mlengalenga pamwamba pa kutentha kwa malo otenthetsera. Izi zinali chifukwa chowongoleracho mwina chinakulitsa kutentha kwa malo osungiramo ndikuyendetsa pampu yotentha ngakhale kutentha sikunali kofunikira pakuwotchera danga. Tiyeneranso kuganiziridwa kuti kutentha kwakukulu kosungirako kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kosungirako."

Asayansiwa adanena kuti adzafufuza zowonjezera za PV / kutentha kwa pampu ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro olamulira mtsogolomu.

"Kuyenera kudziwidwa kuti zomwe zapezazi ndizokhazikika pamakina omwe amawunikiridwa ndipo zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe nyumba ndi mphamvu zimakhalira," adamaliza.