Magetsi okhala ndi dzuwa nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa ndi ngongole zanthawi yayitali kapena zobwereketsa, eni nyumba akulowa mapangano azaka 20 kapena kupitilira apo. Koma kodi mapanelo amatha nthawi yayitali bwanji, ndipo amatha kupirira bwanji?
Moyo wapagulu umatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza nyengo, mtundu wa module, ndi makina othamangitsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pakati pa ena. Ngakhale kuti palibe "tsiku lomaliza" lapadera pa seti iliyonse, kutayika kwa kupanga pakapita nthawi nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti zipangizo ziwonongeke.
Mukasankha kusunga gulu lanu zaka 20-30 mtsogolomo, kapena kuyang'ana zokweza panthawiyo, kuyang'anira zotulukapo ndiyo njira yabwino yopangira chisankho mwanzeru.
Kutsitsidwa
Kutayika kwa zotulutsa pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimatchedwa degradation, nthawi zambiri zimafika pafupifupi 0.5% chaka chilichonse, malinga ndi National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
Opanga nthawi zambiri amalingalira zaka 25 mpaka 30 pomwe pakhala kuwonongeka kokwanira komwe kungakhale nthawi yoti musinthe gulu. Muyezo wamakampani opanga zitsimikiziro ndi zaka 25 pa module ya solar, inatero NREL.
Poganizira kuchuluka kwa 0.5% chaka chilichonse, gulu lazaka 20 limatha kupanga pafupifupi 90% ya kuthekera kwake koyambirira.
Ubwino wa gululi ukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zina paziwopsezo. NREL ikuti opanga ma premium ngati Panasonic ndi LG ali ndi mitengo pafupifupi 0.3% pachaka, pomwe mitundu ina imatsika pamitengo yokwera mpaka 0.80%. Pambuyo pa zaka 25, mapanelo apamwambawa amatha kutulutsa 93% ya zomwe adatulutsa, ndipo chitsanzo chowonongeka kwambiri chikhoza kutulutsa 82.5%.
(Werengani: “Ofufuza amawunika kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe a PV azaka zopitilira 15“)
Chiwopsezo chochulukirapo chimayamba chifukwa cha chodabwitsa chomwe chimatchedwa kuthekera kochititsa manyazi (PID), vuto lomwe ena amakumana nalo, koma osati onse. PID imachitika pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ya gulu ndi kutayikira kwa ma ion pakali pano ikuyenda mkati mwa gawo pakati pa zinthu za semiconductor ndi zinthu zina za module, monga galasi, phiri, kapena chimango. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya module ikhale yochepa, nthawi zina kwambiri.
Opanga ena amamanga mapanelo awo ndi zida zosagwira PID mugalasi lawo, zotsekera, ndi zotchinga.
Mapanelo onse amavutikanso ndi chinthu chotchedwa light-induced degradation (LID), pomwe mapanelo amataya mphamvu mkati mwa maola oyamba atakhala padzuwa. LID imasiyanasiyana kuchokera pagulu kupita pagulu kutengera mtundu wa zowotcha za crystalline silicon, koma nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kutayika kamodzi, 1-3% pakuchita bwino, adatero labotale yoyesa PVEL, PV Evolution Labs.
Nyengo
Kuwonekera kwa nyengo ndiye dalaivala wamkulu pakuwonongeka kwamagulu. Kutentha ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pazochitika zenizeni zenizeni komanso kuwonongeka kwa nthawi. Kutentha kozungulira kumasokoneza magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi,malinga ndi NREL.
Poyang'ana pepala la deta la wopanga, choyezera cha kutentha cha gulu chikhoza kupezeka, chomwe chidzasonyeze mphamvu ya gulu kuti izichita kutentha kwambiri.
Coefficient imafotokoza kuchuluka kwa nthawi yeniyeni yomwe imatayika ndi digirii iliyonse ya Selsius yomwe imakwera kuposa kutentha kwapakati pa 25 digiri Celsius. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa -0.353% kumatanthawuza kuti pa digiri iliyonse Celsius pamwamba pa 25, 0.353% ya mphamvu zonse zopanga zimatayika.
Kusinthana kwa kutentha kumayendetsa kuwonongeka kwa gulu kudzera mu njira yotchedwa thermal cycling. Kukatentha, zipangizo zimakula, ndipo kutentha kukatsika, zimachepa. Kusuntha uku kumapangitsa kuti ma microcracks apangidwe mu gulu pakapita nthawi, kutsitsa zotuluka.
M'chaka chakeMaphunziro a Module Score Card, PVEL idasanthula mapulojekiti 36 oyendera dzuwa ku India, ndipo adapeza zotsatirapo zazikulu zakuwonongeka kwa kutentha. Kuwonongeka kwapakati pachaka kwa mapulojekitiwo kunafika pa 1.47%, koma magulu omwe ali m'madera ozizira, amapiri adawonongeka pafupifupi theka la chiwerengerocho, pa 0.7%.
Kuyika bwino kungathandize kuthana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kutentha. Mapanelo akhazikike mainchesi angapo pamwamba pa denga, kuti mpweya wodutsa uzitha kuyenda pansi ndikuziziritsa zida. Zida zowala zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mapanelo kuti achepetse kuyamwa kwa kutentha. Ndipo zigawo monga ma inverters ndi zophatikizira, zomwe magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha, ziyenera kukhala m'malo amthunzi,adalangiza CED Greentech.
Mphepo ndi nyengo ina yomwe ingawononge ma solar panels. Mphepo yamphamvu imatha kuyambitsa kusinthasintha kwa mapanelo, otchedwa dynamic mechanical load. Izi zimapangitsanso ma microcracks mu mapanelo, kutsitsa zotulutsa. Mayankho ena opangira ma racking amakongoletsedwa m'malo okhala ndi mphepo yamkuntho, kuteteza mapanelo ku mphamvu zokweza komanso kuchepetsa microcracking. Childs, wopanga deta adzapereka zambiri pa max mphepo gulu angathe kupirira.
Zomwezo zimapitanso ku matalala, omwe amatha kuphimba mapanelo panthawi yamphepo yamkuntho, kuchepetsa kutulutsa. Chipale chofewa chingayambitsenso katundu wosunthika wamakina, kuwononga mapanelo. Nthawi zambiri, chipale chofewa chimachoka pamapanelo, chifukwa chimakhala chonyezimira komanso chofunda, koma nthawi zina mwininyumba angasankhe kuchotsa chipale chofewacho. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, chifukwa kukanda pamwamba pa galasi la gululi kungawononge zotsatira zake.
(Werengani: “Malangizo okuthandizani kuti solar yanu yapadenga ikhale ikung'ung'udza kwa nthawi yayitali“)
Kutsitsidwa ndi chinthu chabwinobwino, chosapeweka m'moyo wa gulu. Kuyika koyenera, kuyeretsa chipale chofewa mosamala, komanso kuyeretsa mwanzeru kungathandize pakutulutsa, koma pamapeto pake, solar panel ndi ukadaulo wopanda magawo osuntha, omwe amafunikira kukonza pang'ono.
Miyezo
Kuwonetsetsa kuti gulu lomwe lapatsidwa litha kukhala ndi moyo wautali ndikugwira ntchito monga momwe anakonzera, liyenera kuyesedwa kuti likhale ndi certification. Mapanelo amayenera kuyesedwa ndi International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), yomwe imagwira ntchito pamagulu onse a mono- ndi polycrystalline.
EnergySage adateromapanelo omwe amakwaniritsa muyezo wa IEC 61215 amayesedwa kuti awonetsere mawonekedwe amagetsi monga mafunde amadzimadzi, komanso kukana kutsekereza. Amayesedwa pamakina a mphepo ndi chipale chofewa, komanso kuyesa kwanyengo komwe kumayang'ana zofooka za malo otentha, kuwonekera kwa UV, kuzizira kwanyengo, kutentha kwachinyezi, kukhudzidwa kwa matalala, ndi kuwonekera kwina kwakunja.
IEC 61215 imatsimikiziranso magwiridwe antchito a gulu pamiyeso yoyeserera, kuphatikiza kutentha kwapakati, voteji yotseguka, ndi kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri.
Zomwe zimawonekeranso papepala lolembapo ndi chisindikizo cha Underwriters Laboratories (UL), chomwe chimaperekanso miyezo ndi kuyesa. UL imayesa mayeso owopsa komanso okalamba, komanso mayeso athunthu achitetezo.
Zolephera
Kulephera kwa solar panel kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. NRELadachita kafukufukupa makina opitilira 50,000 okhazikitsidwa ku United States ndi 4,500 padziko lonse lapansi pakati pa zaka za 2000 ndi 2015. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kulephera kwapakatikati kwa mapanelo 5 mwa 10,000 pachaka.
Kulephera kwa gulu kwayenda bwino pakapita nthawi, popeza zidapezeka kuti makina omwe adayikidwa pakati pa 1980 ndi 2000 adawonetsa kulephera kuwirikiza kawiri gulu la post-2000.
(Werengani: “Mitundu yapamwamba ya solar pakuchita, kudalirika komanso khalidwe“)
Kuyimitsidwa kwadongosolo sikumatheka chifukwa cha kulephera kwa gulu. M'malo mwake, kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi kWh Analytics adapeza kuti 80% ya nthawi yonse yopumira yamagetsi a dzuwa ndi chifukwa cha ma inverters omwe amalephera, chipangizo chomwe chimasintha ma DC apano kukhala AC. pv magazine isanthula magwiridwe antchito a inverter mu gawo lotsatira la mndandandawu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-19-2024