Kodi Ulimi Wa Dzuwa Ungapulumutse Makampani A Ulimi Amakono?

Moyo wa mlimi wakhala ukugwira ntchito movutikira komanso zovuta zambiri.Palibe vumbulutso kunena kuti mu 2020 pali zovuta zambiri kuposa kale kwa alimi ndi mafakitale onse.Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zenizeni za kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi kudalirana kwa mayiko nthawi zambiri zimawonjezera zovuta zina pakukhalapo kwawo.

Koma sitinganyalanyaze zochitika zoterezi zabweretsanso ubwino wambiri paulimi.Chifukwa chake ngakhale makampaniwa akuyang'ana zaka khumi zatsopano zomwe zili ndi zopinga zazikulu kuti zipulumuke kuposa kale, palinso lonjezo laukadaulo womwe ukubwera ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Tekinoloje yomwe ingathandize alimi kuti asamangokhalira kukhazikika, koma kuti azichita bwino.Dzuwa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazamphamvu zatsopanozi.

Kuyambira 1800 mpaka 2020

Kusintha kwa Industrial Revolution kunapangitsa ulimi kukhala wothandiza kwambiri.Koma zinabweretsanso kuwonongeka kowawa kwa chitsanzo cham'mbuyo chachuma.Pamene luso laukadaulo likupita patsogolo zidapangitsa kuti kukolola kuchitidwe mwachangu koma mowononga ndalama zogwirira ntchito.Kutha kwa ntchito chifukwa cha luso laulimi kwakhala kofala kuyambira nthawi imeneyo.Kubwera kwatsopano kotereku ndi kusintha kwa alimi omwe alipo nthawi zambiri kumalandiridwa ndikunyansidwa chimodzimodzi.

Nthawi yomweyo, momwe kufunikira kwa zogulitsa zaulimi kumagwirira ntchito kwasinthanso.M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, kuthekera kwa mayiko akutali kugulitsa zinthu zaulimi kunali kovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kuti sikunali kosatheka konse.Masiku ano (kulola kukhudzidwa ndi mliri wa coronavirus wayika kwakanthawi) kusinthana kwazinthu zaulimi padziko lonse lapansi kumachitika mosavuta komanso mwachangu zomwe sizikanakhala zosayerekezeka m'mbuyomu.Koma zimenezinso nthawi zambiri zabweretsa mavuto atsopano kwa alimi.

Inde, n’zosachita kufunsa kuti ena apindula—ndipo apindula kwambiri ndi kusintha koteroko—pamene mafamu amene amagulitsa zinthu “zaukhondo ndi zobiriŵira” zapamwamba padziko lonse tsopano ali ndi msika weniweni wapadziko lonse woti atumizeko.Koma kwa iwo omwe amagulitsa zinthu zamasiku onse, kapena kupeza msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wadzaza omvera awo akunyumba ndi zinthu zomwezo zomwe amagulitsa, njira yopezera phindu lokhazikika chaka ndi chaka yakhala yovuta kwambiri.

Potsirizira pake, mikhalidwe yoteroyo siili mavuto a alimi okha, koma kwa ena onse.Makamaka omwe ali m'mitundu yawo.Zikuyembekezeka kuti zaka zikubwerazi ziwona dziko likukhala losakhazikika chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri, makamaka zomwe zikuwopsyeza kusintha kwanyengo.Pachifukwa chimenechi, kwenikweni dziko lirilonse lidzakumana ndi zipsinjo zatsopano pakufuna kwake kukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira.Zikuyembekezeka kuti kupulumuka kwaulimi ngati ntchito yabwino komanso njira yachuma idzakhala yofulumira, kwanuko komanso padziko lonse lapansi.Apa ndipamene dzuwa likhoza kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri kutsogolo.

Dzuwa ngati mpulumutsi?

Ulimi wa dzuwa (AKA "agrophotovoltaics" ndi "ulimi wogwiritsa ntchito pawiri") umalola alimi kukhazikitsamapanelo a dzuwazomwe zimapereka njira yopangira mphamvu zawo kuti zigwiritse ntchito bwino, komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo laulimi.Kwa alimi omwe ali ndi malo ang'onoang'ono makamaka-monga momwe amawonekera ku France-ulimi wa dzuwa umapereka njira yothetsera ngongole za magetsi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira mafuta, ndi kupuma moyo watsopano mu ntchito zomwe zilipo kale.

Ndipotu, malinga ndi zimene anapeza m’zaka zaposachedwapa, ku GermanyFraunhofer Institutepoyang'anira ntchito zoyesera m'chigawo cha Nyanja ya Constance m'dzikolo, agrophotovoltaics inachulukitsa zokolola zaulimi ndi 160% poyerekeza ndi ntchito yomwe sinagwiritsidwe ntchito kawiri nthawi yomweyo.

Monga mafakitale a dzuwa lonse, agrophotovoltaics amakhalabe achichepere.Komabe, kuphatikiza makhazikitsidwe omwe akugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, pakhala pali ntchito zambiri zoyeserera ku France, Italy, Croatia, USA, ndi kwina.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu zomwe zimatha kumera pansi pa dzuŵa ndi (zolola kusiyanasiyana kwa malo, nyengo, ndi mikhalidwe) yochititsa chidwi kwambiri.Tirigu, mbatata, nyemba, kale, tomato, swiss chard, ndi zina zonse zakula bwino pakuyika kwa dzuwa.

Mbewu sizimakula bwino pokhapokha zitakhazikitsidwa koma zimatha kuona nyengo yakukula ikukulirakulira chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yabwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pawiri, zomwe zimapereka kutentha kwina m'nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yozizira m'chilimwe.Kafukufuku mdera la Maharashtra ku India adapezekazokolola mpaka 40% pamwambachifukwa cha kuchepa kwa evaporation ndi shading yowonjezerapo kuyika kwa agrophotovoltaics komwe kumaperekedwa.

Malo enieni a dziko

Ngakhale pali zambiri zomwe ziyenera kukhala zabwino pophatikiza mafakitale a dzuwa ndi ulimi palimodzi, pali zovuta zomwe zikubwera.Monga Gerald Leach, Mpando waVictorian Farmers FederationKomiti Yoyang’anira Malo, gulu lolandirira alendo limene limalimbikitsa alimi a ku Australia anauza a Solar Magazine,“Nthawi zambiri bungwe la VFF likuthandiza pa ntchito yoyendera dzuwa, bola ngati sawononga malo olimapo amtengo wapatali, monga m’maboma a mthirira.”

Izi nazonso, "VFF ikukhulupirira kuti kuti pakhale dongosolo lokonzekera bwino ntchito yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa pamunda, ntchito zazikulu zoperekera magetsi ku gridi ziyenera kulinganiza ndi kuvomereza njira zopewera zotsatira zosayembekezereka.Timathandizira alimi kuti azitha kukhazikitsa zida zoyendera dzuwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito iwowo popanda kufuna chilolezo.

Kwa a Leach, kuthekera kophatikiza kuyika kwa dzuwa ndi ulimi ndi nyama zomwe zilipo ndizosangalatsanso.

Tikuyembekezera kupita patsogolo kwaulimi wadzuwa womwe umalola kuti ma solar arrays ndi ulimi ukhalepo, ndikupindula limodzi kumakampani azaulimi ndi mphamvu.

"Pali zochitika zambiri zoyendera dzuwa, makamaka zachinsinsi, pomwe nkhosa zimayendayenda pakati pa ma solar.Ng'ombe ndi zazikulu kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuwononga ma solar, koma nkhosa, bola mutabisa mawaya onse kuti musafike, ndi zabwino kuti udzu ukhale pansi pakati pa mapanelo. "

Komanso, monga David Huang, woyang'anira pulojekiti ya wopanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwaSouth Energyidauza Solar Magazine, "Kukhala famu yoyendera dzuwa kungakhale kovuta chifukwa magetsi m'madera akumadera amafuna kukonzedwanso kuti athandizire kusintha kosinthika.Kuphatikizira ntchito zaulimi mu ulimi wa solar kumabweretsanso zovuta pakupanga, kagwiridwe ka ntchito ndi kasamalidwe ka projekiti”, ndipo motere:

Kumvetsetsa bwino za mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi thandizo la boma pa kafukufuku wosiyana-siyana zimaonedwa kuti ndizofunikira.

Ngakhale mtengo wa solar wonse ukucheperachepera, zoona zake ndizakuti kuyika kwaulimi wadzuwa kumatha kukhala okwera mtengo - makamaka ngati awonongeka.Pamene kuli kwakuti kulimbitsidwa ndi kuchinjiriza kumachitidwa kuti kupeŵe zimenezo, kuwonongeka kwa mtengo umodzi wokha kungakhale vuto lalikulu.Vuto lomwe lingakhale lovuta kwambiri kulipewa nyengo ndi nyengo ngati mlimi akufunikabe kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolemera poyikapo, kutanthauza kuti kutembenuka kolakwika kwa chiwongolero kukhoza kuyika dongosolo lonse pachiwopsezo.

Kwa alimi ambiri, njira yothetsera vutoli yakhala imodzi yoika malo.Kulekanitsa kuyika kwa dzuwa ndi madera ena a ntchito zaulimi kumatha kuwona zabwino zina zaulimi woyendera dzuwa zomwe zaphonya, koma zimapereka chitetezo chowonjezera chozungulira nyumbayo.Kuyika kotereku kumapangitsa kuti malo abwino kwambiri azikhala olimako okha, okhala ndi malo owonjezera (wamtundu wachiwiri kapena wachitatu pomwe nthakayo siikhala ndi michere yambiri) yogwiritsidwa ntchito poyika dzuwa.Kukonzekera kotereku kungawonetsetse kuti kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zilizonse zaulimi kuchepetsedwa.

Kusintha kwa matekinoloje ena omwe akubwera

Pozindikira bwino lomwe lonjezo la solar laulimi m'tsogolomu, sitinganyalanyaze kuti matekinoloje ena omwe afika powonekera adzakhala mbiri yodzibwereza yokha.Kukula komwe kukuyembekezeredwa kwakugwiritsa ntchito Artificial Intelligence (AI) mkati mwa gawoli ndi chitsanzo chachikulu cha izi.Ngakhale gawo laukadaulo silinapite patsogolo mokwanira momwe timawonera maloboti apamwamba kwambiri akuyendayenda m'malo athu akugwira ntchito zamanja, tikusunthira komweko.

Kuonjezera apo, Magalimoto Opanda Ndege Osayendetsedwa (AKA drones) akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'mafamu ambiri, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mtsogolomu adzangowonjezeka.Pankhani yaikulu yofufuza za tsogolo laulimi, alimi ayenera kudziŵa bwino luso lazopangapanga kuti apeze phindu—kapena kuti apeze phindu lopeza phindu chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.

Zoneneratu zamtsogolo

Si chinsinsi kuti tsogolo laulimi liwona zoopsa zatsopano zomwe zikuwopseza moyo wake.Izi osati chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, komanso kusintha kwanyengo.Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, luso lazopangapanga likupita patsogolo ngakhale kuli tero, ulimi m’tsogolo udzafunabe—kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi ngati si kwamuyaya—kufunika kwa ukatswiri wa anthu.

Zowona, ngati zomwe zachitika kale sizingathetse mavuto onse kapena kuchotsa mavuto onse, koma zikutanthauza kuti padzakhala kusintha kwatsopano munyengo yotsatira yaulimi.Imodzi yomwe dzuwa limapereka mphamvu zambiri monga teknoloji yopindulitsa komanso kufunika kokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira ndikofunikira.Dzuwa lokha silingapulumutse ulimi wamakono-koma ukhoza kukhala chida champhamvu chothandizira kumanga mutu watsopano wamphamvu mtsogolomu.